Goal 3 Controlling Language |
The student will demonstrate the ability to control language by applying the conventions of Standard English in writing and speaking.
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| Expectation
3.1 The student will demonstrate understanding of the nature and structure of language, including grammar concepts and skills, to strengthen control of oral and written language.
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Indicators |
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3.1.1 The student will demonstrate the advantages and limitations of speech and writing when communicating in various situations for specific audiences and purposes.
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3.1.2 The student will describe how intonation, pitch, volume, pause, and rate all influence meaning.
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3.1.3 The student will determine grammatical classification of words by using meaning, position, form, and function.
Assessment limits:
- Using the position and form to determine the function or classification of words and phrases
- subjects and objects: noun, pronoun, gerund, infinitive, appositive, simple, compound
- predicates: verb, verb phrase, simple, compound
- modifiers: adjective (including pronouns used as adjectives), adverb, prepositional phrase, participle, infinitive, article
- conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, correlative, and conjunctive adverbs
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3.1.4 The student will differentiate grammatically complete sentences from non-sentences.
Assessment limits:
- Identifying sentence fragments
- Identifying run-on sentences, including fused sentences and comma splices
- Completing inappropriate sentence fragments
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3.1.5 The student will incorporate subjects, predicates, and modifiers when composing original sentences.
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3.1.6 The student will compound various sentence elements—subjects, predicates, modifiers, phrases, and clauses—to link or contrast related ideas.
Assessment limits:
- Combining sentences through the use of
- logical coordination
- logical and effective subordination
- logical sequencing of ideas
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3.1.7 The student will vary sentence types—simple, compound, complex, and compound/complex—to sustain reader or listener interest.
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3.1.8 The student will expand sentences by positioning phrases and clauses to accomplish a purpose.
Assessment limits:
- Expanding sentences by using correctly placed modifiers, including appositives, verbals, dependent clauses, and restrictive or nonrestrictive clauses
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3.1.9 The student will recognize, combine, and transform basic sentence patterns to vary sentence structure, to emphasize selected ideas, and to achieve syntactic maturity.
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| Expectation
3.2 The student will identify how language choices in writing and speaking affect thoughts and feelings.
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Indicators |
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3.2.1 The student will choose a level of language, formal to informal, appropriate for a specific audience, situation, or purpose.
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3.2.2 The student will differentiate connotative from denotative meanings of words.
Assessment limits:
- Determining implied meaning(s) or image(s) associated with a particular word or phrase
- Will not focus on the meaning of above-grade-level words
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3.2.3 The student will describe how readers or listeners might respond differently to the same words.
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3.2.4 The student will describe regional and social language differences.
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3.2.5 The student will describe the impact of regional and social variations of language on listener or reader response.
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| Expectation
3.3 The student will use capitalization, punctuation, and correct spelling appropriately.
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Indicators |
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3.3.1 The student will edit texts for spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.
Assessment limits:
- Using internalized knowledge to identify and correct errors
- spelling of commonly confused words
- end punctuation
- commas: in a series, after introductory elements, setting off appositives and parenthetical statements, in dates and places, before coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences
- semicolons between closely-related main clauses
- semicolon and comma in compound sentence with a conjunctive adverb
- apostrophes
- capitalization: proper nouns, proper adjectives, geographic places, businesses, organizations and institutions
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3.3.2 The student will use available resources to correct or confirm revisions and/or editorial choices.
Assessment limits:
- Using a resource for all punctuation or capitalization skills not internalized or for rules that may be in flux
- Using a resource for standard English usage
- agreement of subject and verb
- agreement of pronoun and antecedent
- clear pronoun reference
- appropriate case of nouns and pronouns
- appropriate and consistent verb tenses
- Using a resource to apply other common rules of language usage that are grade appropriate
- Using a resource for standard English in place of nonstandard English and slang
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