| General Reading Processes: |
| Phonemic Awareness
: Students will master the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words by the end of grade one. |
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Discriminate sounds and words |
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Identify initial, medial, and final sounds in one-syllable words
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Compare one-syllable words using initial, medial, and final sounds
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Categorize words as same or different by medial sounds
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Discriminate and produce rhyming words and alliteration |
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Produce sentences with rhyming and alliteration
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Blend sounds and syllables to form words |
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Blend 3-4 phonemes into a word, such as f-a-s-t=fast
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Segment and manipulate sounds in spoken words |
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Segment words into syllables
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Segment one-syllable words into phonemes
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Delete sounds to form new words
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Add sounds to form new words
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Substitute sounds to form new words
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| Phonics
: Students will apply their knowledge of letter/sound relationships and word structure to decode unfamiliar words. |
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Identify letters and corresponding sounds |
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Produce letter/sound correspondences rapidly (1 per second)
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Combine sounds to form letter combinations, such as pl-, bl-, tr-, -nt
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Decode words in grade-level texts |
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Recognize and apply short vowels, long vowels, and "y" as a vowel
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Decode words with letter combinations, such as consonant digraphs, blends, and special vowel patterns
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Read one-syllable words fluently (CVC, CVCE)
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Use known word/part to decode unknown words, such as car->card
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| Fluency *
: Students will read orally with accuracy and expression at a rate that sounds like speech. |
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Read orally from familiar text at an appropriate rate |
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Listen to models of fluent reading
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Read familiar text at a rate that is conversational and consistent
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Reread text multiple times to increase familiarity with words
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Read grade-level text accurately |
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Reread and self-correct while reading
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Use word context clues (meaning), sentence structure (syntax), and visual clues to guide self-correction
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Read sight words automatically, such as have, said, where, two
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Read grade-level text with expression |
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Demonstrate appropriate use of phrasing when reading familiar text
- Use end punctuation, commas, and quotation marks to guide expression
- Use intonation (emphasis on certain words) to convey meaning
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| Vocabulary
: Students will use a variety of strategies and opportunities to understand word meaning and to increase vocabulary. |
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Develop and apply vocabulary through exposure to a variety of texts |
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Acquire new vocabulary through listening to and reading a variety of grade-appropriate text daily
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Discuss words and word meanings daily as they are encountered in texts, instruction, and conversation
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Ask questions to clarify meaning about objects and words related to topics discussed
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Listen to and identify the meaning of new vocabulary in multiple contexts
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Connect unfamiliar words from texts, instruction and conversation to prior knowledge to enhance meaning
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Learn 5-8 new words every week (independent reading)
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Develop a conceptual understanding of new words |
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Sort grade-appropriate words with or without pictures into categories
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Identify antonyms and synonyms
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Identify and use correctly new words acquired through study of their relationship to other words
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Understand, acquire, and use new vocabulary |
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Determine meaning of words using their context
- Reread
- Use context clues
- Examine illustrations
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Use unfamiliar words introduced in literary and informational texts
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Use word structure to determine meaning of words
- Contractions
- Inflectional endings
- Compound words
- Root/base words
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Use resources to determine meaning of unknown words
- Picture dictionary
- Charts
- Diagrams
- Posters
- Content texts
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| General Reading Comprehension
: Students will use a variety of strategies to understand what they read (construct meaning). |
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Develop comprehension skills through exposure to a variety of print and non-print texts, including traditional print and electronic texts |
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Listen to, read, and discuss text representing diversity in content, culture, authorship, and perspective, including areas, such as race, gender, disability, religion, and socio-economic background
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Self-select appropriate text for a variety of purposes
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** Read a minimum of 25 books representing various genres
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Discuss ideas/information gained from reading experiences with adults and peers
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Use strategies to prepare for reading (before reading) |
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Make connections to the text using their prior knowledge and experiences with the text
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Make predictions or ask questions about the text by examining the title, cover, illustrations/photographs/text, and familiar author or topic
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Set a purpose for reading and identify type of text (fiction or nonfiction)
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Use strategies to make meaning from text (during reading) |
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Recall and discuss what they understand
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Identify and question what did not make sense
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Reread difficult parts slowly and carefully and use own words to restate difficult parts
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Make, confirm, or adjust predictions
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Look back through the text to search for connections between topics, events, characters, and actions in stories to specific life experiences
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Use strategies to demonstrate understanding of the text (after reading) |
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Describe what the text is about
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Describe what is directly stated in the text (details, literal meaning)
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Engage in conversation to understand what has been read
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Answer simple questions (who, what, when, where, and how) in writing
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Respond to text by drawing, speaking, dramatizing, or writing
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Retell the main idea of texts
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