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Goal 3 Data Analysis And Probability

Expectation 3.1 The student will collect, organize, analyze, and present data.

Indicator 3.1.2 The student will use the measures of central tendency and/or variability to make informed conclusions.

Assessment Limits:

  • Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode.
  • Measures of variability include range, interquartile range, and quartiles.
  • Data may be displayed in a variety of representations which may include: frequency tables, box and whisker plots, and other displays.

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2002

The table below shows the number of medals won by 24 countries during the 1998 Winter Olympic Games.

Complete the following in the Answer Book:

  • Use the data from the table to create a box-and-whisker plot on the grid provided in the Answer Book.
  • What was the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings? Use mathematics to explain how you determined your answer. Use words, symbols, or both in your explanation.

The following 14 Sample Student Responses represent a range of score points.

Sample Student Response #1

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Score for Sample Student Response #1: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response indicates little attempt to apply a reasonable strategy. In the box and whisker plot, only the maximum (29) is correct. The student incorrectly chooses the least number of medals won — not the least number won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #2

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Score for Sample Student Response #2: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and correctly plotted, and the scale is uniform. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is fully developed and supports the solution ("because Q3 is in between U.S. and Finland 13 and 12. The upper quartile is everything above Q3 or 12.5, and the lowest is 13"). This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #3

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Score for Sample Student Response #3: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and plotted correctly, and the scale is uniform. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is plausible and supports the solution, but is not well developed ("because the quartile stops at 12.5"). This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #4

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Score for Sample Student Response #4: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and correctly plotted, and the scale is uniform. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is fully developed and supports the solution ("I did this by looking at the first quarter of the country names. Then I looked at the one with the least medals won"). This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #5

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Score for Sample Student Response #5: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The representation is correct. All values in the box and whisker plot are correct and plotted correctly, and the scale is uniform. The student incorrectly gives an answer of "1" for the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. No explanation is offered. This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #6

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Score for Sample Student Response #6: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The representation is fundamentally correct. In the box and whisker plot, the minimum, maximum, and upper and lower quartiles are all correct. However, the median is plotted at "7" instead of "7.5." This is an incorrect answer. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is logically sound and supports the solution ("13 is the first lowest number after the upper quartile"). This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #7

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Score for Sample Student Response #7: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and correctly plotted, and the scale is uniform. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is clearly presented, fully developed, and supports the solution. ("The least number at the beginning of the fourth quartile, top 25%, was 12.5. Since you can't have 12.5 medals, I looked on the chart to see that 13 was the next number since 12 was in the third quartile.") The incorrect use of the terms "third quartile" and "fourth quartile" is not considered a significant mathematical error. This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #8

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Score for Sample Student Response #8: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response indicates little attempt to apply a reasonable strategy. The representation is partially correct. In the box and whisker plot, only the minimum (1) and the maximum (29) are correct. The answer to the least number of medals won is incorrect. The student chooses the least number of medals won — not the least number won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #9

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Score for Sample Student Response #9: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and correctly plotted, and the scale is uniform. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is clearly presented, fully developed, and supports the solution ("the upper quartile number is 12.5. This means that the least number of medals in the top 25% is 12.5. But, because 12.5 is not one of the amount of medals a country received, 13 is the answer"). This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #10

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Score for Sample Student Response #10: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. In the box and whisker plot, the minimum, the median, and the maximum are correct. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is clearly presented and supports the solution ("I got my answer of 13 by looking at the first 6 country, which would be 25% of 24 countries and saw who was the last of the 6"). This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #11

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Score for Sample Student Response #11: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The representation is essentially correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct except for the maximum, which is plotted at 27 instead of 29. The student gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. However, the explanation shows a flaw in reasoning. The student arrives at an answer of 13 because of "rounding." The description of how the student created the box and whisker plot is unnecessary and has no effect upon the score of the paper. This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #12

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Score for Sample Student Response #12: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response indicates little attempt to apply a reasonable strategy. The representation is partially correct. In the box and whisker plot, only the minimum (1) and the maximum (29) are correct. The quartiles and median are incorrect. The answer to the least number of medals won is incorrect, although consistent with the student's box and whisker plot where the upper quartile is close to 21.5. This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #13

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Score for Sample Student Response #13: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and correctly plotted, and the scale is uniform. The student correctly gives 13 as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. The explanation is fully developed and supports the solution ("I figure this by looking at where the upper 25% starts {end of Q3} the lowest amount of medals won past that is 13.") This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.


Sample Student Response #14

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Score for Sample Student Response #14: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response indicates an incomplete application of a reasonable strategy. The representation is correct. All the values in the box and whisker plot are correct and plotted correctly, and the scale is uniform. The student incorrectly gives 12.5, the upper quartile, as the least number of medals won by a country in the top 25% of the final medal standings. Even though the answer is incorrect, the explanation is plausible. ("I found this answer by looking at my graph and looking at the top 25% which is from quartile 3 up to the max.") This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.


Additional Resources

Anchor Papers used in scoring

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Rubric

Print: Scoring Rubric (pdf)
Score 3

The response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representations are essentially correct. The explanation and/or justification is logically sound, clearly presented, fully developed, supports the solution, and does not contain significant mathematical errors. The response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 2

The response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that may be incomplete or undeveloped. It may or may not lead to a correct solution. The representations are fundamentally correct. The explanation and/or justification supports the solution and is plausible, although it may not be well developed or complete. The response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 1

The response indicates little or no attempt to apply a reasonable strategy or applies an inappropriate strategy. It may or may not have the correct answer. The representations are incomplete or missing. The explanation and/or justification reveals serious flaws in reasoning. The explanation and/or justification may be incomplete or missing. The response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 0

The response is completely incorrect or irrelevant. There may be no response, or the response may state, “I don't know.”

Explanation refers to the student using the language of mathematics to communicate how the student arrived at the solution.

Justification refers to the student using mathematical principles to support the reasoning used to solve the problem or to demonstrate that the solution is correct. This could include the appropriate definitions, postulates and theorems.

Essentially correct representations may contain a few minor errors such as missing labels, reversed axes, or scales that are not uniform.

Fundamentally correct representations may contain several minor errors such as missing labels, reversed axes, or scales that are not uniform.

Last Revised 8/16/00

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Resources for 3.1.2:
Skill Statements | PUBLIC RELEASE ITEMS | Lesson Plans |