Use the information and the table below to answer the following.

The breathing rate of a goldfish can be measured by the number of times the goldfish opens its mouth. In an experiment, students placed a goldfish in a container of water at 26°C and counted the number of times the fish opened its mouth. They gradually lowered the water temperature and counted the number of times the fish opened its mouth at 20°C, 14°C, 8°C, and 2°C. The results are shown in the table below.

Which of these descriptions best explains the decrease in the breathing rate of the goldfish?

Use the description of the experiment below to answer the following.

A student washes her hands with antibacterial soap and water. Then she touches the agar in a petri dish with her thumb. The agar contains nutrients that support the growth of bacteria. Other students repeat the procedure after washing their hands with three different kinds of antibacterial soap. The petri dishes are kept warm overnight to allow bacteria to grow. The next day the students count the number of bacterial colonies in each dish.

What should be the effect of the soap in this experiment?

Use the information and the graph below to answer the following.

Scientists wanted to study the effect of water temperature on the swimming speed of goldfish. They set up an experiment in which they raised populations of goldfish in two different aquariums. Population 1 was raised at 5°C. Population 2 was raised at 25°C. All other variables were constant in both aquariums. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph below.

If the temperature of the water increases from 5°C to 10°C, the goldfish in Population 1 would most likely

Which of these is an environmental factor that causes damage to chromosomes?

Botulism, a type of food poisoning, is caused when bacteria release a poisonous substance. Eating even a small amount of food that contains the poisonous substance can cause death.

This poisonous substance is called

A summer camp was built near a lake in the mountains. The campers used the lake for swimming, fishing, and boating. The relationships between three organisms found in the lake are shown below.

Which of these fish cell structures would be most directly affected by a change in the oxygen level of the lake?

A student is studying the relationship between a leafy plant and a species of beetle. He divided 20 plants into two groups. He planted each group in a separate planter box. He then released 50 beetles into one of the planter boxes. The beetles fed on the leaves and left a white substance around the plant, changing the pH of the soil. He recorded the average height of the plants at the end of three months. His data are shown below.

• How did the substance probably affect the growth of the plants in Group 1?
• Describe how changes in pH may affect the metabolic rates of cells.
• Describe how other environmental factors could affect growth in plants.

Write your answer in your Answer Book.

In crickets, the rate of chirping is related to the temperature of the air. The rate of chirping can be used to describe their metabolic activity. Which of these graphs most likely shows how temperature affects metabolic activity in crickets?

In the fall, the leaves of many plants change color. Which of the following abiotic factors is primarily responsible for causing this change?

Sea grasses grow on the ocean floor in shallow areas. Runoff from the land into the ocean can cause the waters to become cloudy. Cloudy water affects the sea grasses’ ability to make their own food because there is not enough

Use the information and the graph below to answer the Numbers 13 through 15.

Use the information and the graph below to answer the following item.

A group of students measured the volume of air they exhaled during three different activities: sitting, walking, and running. The volume of exhaled air is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide produced. The data the students collected are summarized in the graph below.

Which of these statements best explains the data?

Anna conducted an experiment using green algae. She put equal amounts of water into two identical containers and maintained the water level throughout the experiment. Next she added equal amounts of green algae to both containers. Container 1 received full sunlight while Container 2 was placed in the dark.

After two weeks, what will Anna most likely find in Containers 1 and 2?

Doctors lower a patient’s body temperature during some surgical procedures. Which of these is the most likely benefit of lowering body temperature for surgery?

Depending on the environmental conditions, Euglena, a unicellular protist, can act as either a producer or a consumer. Euglena will most likely act as a consumer when placed in which of these environments?

As a response to cellular damage caused by injury, body tissue becomes inflamed, appears red, and feels warm. These changes are the result of blood circulating to the inflamed tissue.

In response to the increase in temperature, which of the following is most likely to occur in cells surrounding the damaged tissue?