School Improvement in Maryland
Public Release Item Scoring Information Return

Goal 2 Geometry, Measurement, And Reasoning

Expectation 2.1 The student will represent and analyze two- and three-dimensional figures using tools and technology when appropriate.

Indicator 2.1.3 The student will use transformations to move figures, create designs, and/or demonstrate geometric properties.

Assessment Limits:

  • Transformations include reflections, rotations, translations, and dilations.
  • Items should go beyond the identification of transformations.
  • Essential properties and relationships include the following: congruence, similarity, and symmetry.
  • The student's explanation of a transformation must include the following:
    • translation – distance and direction
    • reflection – line of reflection
    • rotation – center of rotation, angle measure, direction (clockwise or counterclockwise)
    • dilation – center and scale factor
  • Paper folding and the use of MirasTM and mirrors are appropriate methods for performing transformations, and their use must be referenced.

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2003

Figure ABCDEFG  below is to be reflected over line to form figure A'B'C'D'E'F'.

Complete the following on a piece of paper and/or in the answer box below:
  • Draw the reflection of the figure over line .
     
  • Explain the steps you used to draw the reflection of the figure.
     
  • Explain the relationship of the distance between line and point D to the distance between line and point D'.
     

The following 6 Anchor Papers represent a range of score points and are used in conjunction with the rubrics to assess student responses.

Anchor Paper #1

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #1: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem. The representation of the reflection resembles the original shape to be reflected and has three points (E´, F´, and G´) correctly plotted. The student's explanation of the strategy used to draw the reflection "I counted the number of lines and blocks…" is not fully developed; there is no indication of how or which lines/blocks were counted. The representation and explanation demonstrate little ability to execute an appropriate strategy for a reflection. Further, the explanation of the relationship of the distances between line Line l and points D and D´ is unclear ("are the same").


Anchor Paper #2

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #2: Rubric Score 1

Annotation: This response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem. The representation of the reflection resembles the original shape to be reflected and has three points (C´, D´, and G´) correctly plotted. The student's explanation of the strategy used to draw the reflection "looked at were the dots were located…counted how many units were from the line…plotted my points and connected the dots" is almost complete. While this explanation provides some understanding of equidistance, no sense of perpendicular distance is conveyed. No explanation is given for the relationship of the distances between line Line l and points D and D´.


Anchor Paper #3

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #3: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem. The representation of the reflection is correct, although the student has omitted the primes in the point labels. While the response lacks any written explanation of either the student's strategy for drawing the reflection or the relationship of the distances between line Line l and points D and D´, a correctly drawn representation indicates the application of an appropriate strategy.


Anchor Paper #4

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #4: Rubric Score 2

Annotation: This response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem. The representation of the reflection is correct, even though points A´ and B´ are slightly off due to the use of a mira. "I…used a mirror to put the dots on the reflected line… trace the letters with the dots" provides an explanation of an appropriate strategy to reflect the shape. "On the reflected line" was understood to mean "over the reflected line," intimating the mira's appropriate placement. The explanation offered for the relationship of the distances between line Line l and points D and D´ is incomplete and vaguely stated "…about 10 squares away" but does convey an understanding of equidistance. The student fails to address the perpendicular distance.


Anchor Paper #5

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #5: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem. The representation of the reflection is correct, but lacks point identification (a minor error). A complete explanation of an appropriate strategy is given. ("I followed the pattern…point G was ½ a space away from line Line l, but in the other direction.") A complete understanding of the relationship of the perpendicular distances between line Line l and points D and D´ also is provided. ("D is 5 points away from line Line l, so D´ is 5 points away from line Line l opposite the line.")


Anchor Paper #6

image of student response

Score for Anchor Paper #6: Rubric Score 3

Annotation: This response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem. The representation of the reflection is correct, including all point identification. A complete explanation of an appropriate strategy used to draw the reflection is given. ("…I counted the perpendicular distance from any point to line Line l…I counted the same perpendicular distance only to the other side of line Line l from line Line l.") A complete explanation is provided for the relationship of the distances between line Line l and points D and D´. ("Line Line l is 5 units of diagonal squares from both of those points.")


Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Rubric

Print: Scoring Rubric (pdf)
Score 3

The response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that leads to a correct solution in the context of the problem. The representations are essentially correct. The explanation and/or justification is logically sound, clearly presented, fully developed, supports the solution, and does not contain significant mathematical errors. The response demonstrates a complete understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 2

The response indicates application of a reasonable strategy that may be incomplete or undeveloped. It may or may not lead to a correct solution. The representations are fundamentally correct. The explanation and/or justification supports the solution and is plausible, although it may not be well developed or complete. The response demonstrates a conceptual understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 1

The response indicates little or no attempt to apply a reasonable strategy or applies an inappropriate strategy. It may or may not have the correct answer. The representations are incomplete or missing. The explanation and/or justification reveals serious flaws in reasoning. The explanation and/or justification may be incomplete or missing. The response demonstrates a minimal understanding and analysis of the problem.

Score 0

The response is completely incorrect or irrelevant. There may be no response, or the response may state, “I don't know.”

Explanation refers to the student using the language of mathematics to communicate how the student arrived at the solution.

Justification refers to the student using mathematical principles to support the reasoning used to solve the problem or to demonstrate that the solution is correct. This could include the appropriate definitions, postulates and theorems.

Essentially correct representations may contain a few minor errors such as missing labels, reversed axes, or scales that are not uniform.

Fundamentally correct representations may contain several minor errors such as missing labels, reversed axes, or scales that are not uniform.

Last Revised 8/16/00

/share/clg/xml/public_release/mathematics/2003_213_geo17.xml
Resources for 2.1.3:
Skill Statements | PUBLIC RELEASE ITEMS | Lesson Plans |