School Improvement in Maryland

Public Release Item: Public Release items have appeared on HSA forms and then are released for public viewing and use. Releasing items is one step to ensuring that schools, districts, and other stakeholders understand how the core learning goals are assessed on the HSA.

Goal 1 Political Systems

Expectation 1.1 The student will demonstrate understanding of the structure and functions of government and politics in the United States.

Indicator 1.1.2 The student will evaluate how the principles of government assist or impede the functioning of government.

Assessment Limits:

  • Concepts: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection, and eminent domain.
  • Federal and Maryland state government: Legislative, Executive and Judicial – powers, structure and organization.
  • Local government will be assessed in terms of powers and responsibilities.
  • Selection of National and Maryland state leaders: Electoral College and election/appointment processes.

Selected Response Item - Released in 2003

Look at the cartoon below.

According to the cartoon, the two political parties are

  1. supporting the same viewpoint on an issue
  2. working together to solve a national problem
  3. supporting issues they believe will win votes
  4. opposing the amount of money the government spends
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2003_112_gov39.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Selected Response Item - Released in 2003

Which of these is a responsibility of Maryland's state government?

  1. military training
  2. education policy
  3. Social Security
  4. Medicare programs
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2003_112_gov01.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Extended Constructed Response (ECR) Item - Released in 2003

The modern presidency of the United States is often referred to as the most powerful office in the world. Yet the President's powers are limited.
  • Explain how the President's powers are limited.
  • Explain how the President can be successful in overcoming these limitations.
  • Which of the ways you described for overcoming limitations to presidential power would be the most effective? Explain why.
  • Include details and examples to support your answer.
Write your answer in the box below.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2003_112_gov28.xml

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Selected Response Item - Released in 2003

Why are federal judges appointed for life?

  1. to ensure freedom from control by elected officials
  2. to attract people with experience to the job
  3. to guarantee that states retain their powers
  4. to protect the wishes of the majority of citizens
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2003_112_gov31.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2003

Study the graph below. Then answer the following.


 

  • Describe how a law requiring citizens to vote could affect the voting patterns shown on the graph.
  • Should voting be mandatory in the United States? Explain why or why not.
  • Use details and examples to support your position.
Write your answer in the box below.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2003_112_gov34.xml

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Selected Response Item - Released in 2003

Read the excerpt below.

The President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities [military conflicts]...and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until United States Armed Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities....
The War Powers Act of 1973

Based on the excerpt, the War Powers Act was most likely issued in response to

  1. protest against drafting women
  2. lack of preparedness in the armed forces
  3. expansion by the President of his role as Commander in Chief
  4. attempts by the Supreme Court to control the Department of Defense
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2003_112_gov37.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Selected Response Item - Released in 2004

Study the political cartoon below.

The cartoon suggests that some citizens

  1. believe that the justice system is unworkable
  2. are unwilling to break the law
  3. believe that the right to a trial by jury is unnecessary
  4. are unwilling to accept their responsibilities
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov25.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Extended Constructed Response (ECR) Item - Released in 2004

Look at the chart below.

  • Use the flow chart above to identify an example of the principle of checks and balances.
     
  • Describe advantages and disadvantages of checks and balances in the United States government.
     
  • Do the advantages of the use of checks and balances outweigh the disadvantages? Explain your answer.
     
  • Include details and examples to support your answer.
     
Write your answer in the answer box below.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov28.xml

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Selected Response Item - Released in 2004

Maryland has a budget surplus and needs to decide what to do with the extra money.

Which of these options would the state government least likely choose?

  1. give the surplus to the federal government
  2. spend the surplus on state programs
  3. save the surplus for future needs
  4. give the surplus back in a tax refund
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov53.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Selected Response Item - Released in 2004

Which of these is a responsibility of the Maryland General Assembly?

  1. approving the annual state budget
  2. supervising the Maryland State Police
  3. reviewing criminal appeals
  4. vetoing unpopular laws
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov55.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Selected Response Item - Released in 2005

A case that must be tried in a federal court is one involving

  1. child custody
  2. medical malpractice
  3. product liability
  4. copyright violation
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2005_112_gov37.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2005

Which of these has the most control over the United States' defense spending?

  1. the Supreme Court
  2. the Secretary of the Treasury
  3. the Congress
  4. the Secretary of State
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2005_112_gov08.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Selected Response Item - Released in 2005

Which of these examples best reflects the principle of representative democracy?

  1. Citizens of a town vote on all government issues.
  2. The leader of a country makes all government decisions.
  3. A judge finds a defendant guilty of a crime.
  4. An elected official proposes a bill in the state legislature.
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2005_112_gov43.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2005

When a famous actress was accused of wrong-doing, the newspapers covered the event extensively. The actress was convicted of the crime, but appealed the verdict on the grounds that the pre-trial publicity prejudiced the jury.

Which of these rights is in conflict with the freedom of the press?

  1. the right to a speedy trial
  2. the right to present witnesses
  3. the right to legal counsel
  4. the right to a fair trial
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2005_112_gov48.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2001

Which of these principles of government is demonstrated when the Maryland Court of Appeals declares a Maryland state law unconstitutional?

  1. federalism
  2. popular sovereignty
  3. checks and balances
  4. representative democracy
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2001_112_gov33.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Selected Response Item - Released in 2001

Which of these is part of the legislative branch of the United States government?

  1. the Cabinet
  2. the President
  3. the Supreme Court
  4. the House of Representatives
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2001_112_gov43.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2001

Which of these people is the leader of the executive branch of the federal government?

  1. a mayor
  2. a senator
  3. a governor
  4. a president
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2001_112_gov45.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2001

In the 1980s, the federal government implemented a new national policy linking federal funding for highway construction projects to the passage of new state laws raising the drinking age.

Which of the following is not a legal option for the Maryland General Assembly?

  1. filing for secession from the United States
  2. passing a law raising the drinking age to 21
  3. filing suit against the federal government for lost highway funds
  4. passing a law legalizing gambling to increase highway funds
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2001_112_gov46.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Selected Response Item - Released in 2004

Which of these officials is responsible for making laws?

  1. a federal judge
  2. the governor of a state
  3. a United States senator
  4. the Secretary of Defense
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov18.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2004

Read the quote below.
Some lawmakers wish to censor music lyrics that encourage violence and destructive behavior.
  • Explain why some lawmakers would want to censor music.
     
  • Based on what you know about the Bill of Rights, do you believe this type of censorship is constitutional? Explain why or why not.
     
  • Include details and examples to support your answer.
     
Write your answer in the answer box below.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov21.xml

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Selected Response Item - Released in 2004

The right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure is an example of

  1. delegated power
  2. judicial review
  3. general welfare
  4. limited government
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2004_112_gov24.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2002

Which of these is a power shared by the federal and state governments?

  1. enforcing laws
  2. raising armies
  3. conducting local elections
  4. establishing post offices
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2002_112_gov01.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Selected Response Item - Released in 2002

The political institution in Maryland most like the United States Congress is the

  1. State Archives
  2. General Court
  3. Court of Appeals
  4. General Assembly
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2002_112_gov03.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2002

Look at the cartoon below.

The cartoon is commenting on the power of

  1. federal supremacy
  2. judicial review
  3. executive privilege
  4. congressional oversight
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2002_112_gov05.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2002

The blue crab population supports many important commercial and recreational activities in the Chesapeake Bay. However, some scientists have expressed concern that the blue crab population may be declining.
  • Should the Maryland state government play a role in managing the blue crab population?
  • Explain the possible consequences of your position.
  • Include details and examples to support your explanation.
Write your answer on the answer box below.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2002_112_gov33.xml

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Selected Response Item - Released in 2002

In 1908, Theodore Roosevelt said, “Oh, if I could be President and Congress too, for just ten minutes.”

Which principle of United States government was frustrating President Roosevelt when he made this statement?

  1. federalism
  2. rule of law
  3. majority rule
  4. separation of powers
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2002_112_gov40.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2002

Read the scenario below.

The Maryland government is expanding a major highway to reduce traffic congestion. The state will take the private property it needs and compensate the owners for their land.

Which of these allows the government action described above?

  1. judicial review
  2. eminent domain
  3. affirmative action
  4. popular sovereignty
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2002_112_gov42.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Selected Response Item - Released in 2006

Which of these is most likely a reason Presidents issue executive orders?

  1. to remove legislators from Congress
  2. to create laws that contradict existing federal law
  3. to force the Supreme Court to reverse legal decisions
  4. to make policy without congressional approval
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2006_112_gov37.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Selected Response Item - Released in 2006

If the President and Congress disagree over a tax bill, the President can veto the bill.

Which of these applies to a presidential veto?

  1. checks and balances
  2. judicial review
  3. representative democracy
  4. federalism
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2006_112_gov45.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Selected Response Item - Released in 2006

Which of these is a power of the United States Supreme Court?

  1. to interpret laws
  2. to veto laws
  3. to pass laws
  4. to enforce laws
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2006_112_gov14.xml

Correct Answer:
A

Selected Response Item - Released in 2007

Read the news article excerpt below.

Which of these statements is supported by the excerpt?

  1. Wildlife preservation is mainly a responsibility of private organizations.
  2. The federal and state governments share responsibilities for preserving wildlife.
  3. The state government relies mainly on private developers to enforce wildlife regulations.
  4. Wildlife regulations issued by the state government take priority over federal regulations.
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2007_112_gov12.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Selected Response Item - Released in 2007

Which of these is a power reserved for state governments by the United States Constitution?

  1. the power to coin money
  2. the power to maintain an army and a navy
  3. the power to establish public schools
  4. the power to make treaties with foreign countries
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2007_112_gov16.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Selected Response Item - Released in 2007

Read the quotation below.

“Our greatest primary task is to put people to work…. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war….”

—Franklin D. Roosevelt,
March 4, 1933

Based on the quotation above, Franklin D. Roosevelt most likely worked to

  1. increase profits of corporate monopolies
  2. promote the general welfare of the nation
  3. limit the power of the federal government
  4. decrease government restrictions on land use
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2007_112_gov19.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Selected Response Item - Released in 2007

Read the excerpt below.

The United States Supreme Court ruled in 2001 that it was constitutional for Texas police to arrest and jail a driver for not wearing a seat belt.

In Maryland, state law prevents public arrests for traffic crimes unless other circumstances exist, such as drunk driving, failure to produce identifi cation, or attempting to leave a crime scene.

Which of these actions could the federal government take to influence Maryland to repeal the law described in the excerpt?

  1. rejection of the Maryland Governor’s appointments of state officials
  2. withholding of transportation funds from Maryland
  3. replacement of the Maryland state police chief
  4. reduction of Maryland congressional representation
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2007_112_gov36.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Selected Response Item - Released in 2008

Which of these is an example of separation of powers?

  1. Representatives rewrite a bill in committee meetings.
  2. Representatives hold hearings to hear public opinion.
  3. The President enforces a law passed by Congress.
  4. The President fires a cabinet member who is performing poorly.
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2008_112_gov11.xml

Correct Answer:
C

Selected Response Item - Released in 2008

Which of these is an example of following the rule of law?

  1. Citizens vote for a new amendment.
  2. The General Assembly approves the governor’s budget.
  3. Political parties hold a convention to nominate candidates.
  4. The governor is impeached for wrongdoing.
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2008_112_gov22.xml

Correct Answer:
D

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2008

Read the quotation below and use it to answer the BRIEF CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE that follows.

“It usually takes a hundred years to make a law, and then after it has done its work, it usually takes a hundred years to get rid of it.”

—Henry Ward Beecher

  • Do you agree or disagree with this quote about the law-making process in the United States?
  • How could the law-making process be improved? Explain your answer.
  • Include details and examples to support your answer.

Write your answer on the lines in your Answer Book.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2008_112_gov26.xml

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Selected Response Item - Released in 2008

Congress may respond to United States Supreme Court rulings by

  1. declaring rulings of the court invalid
  2. rewriting a law overturned by the court
  3. deciding which lawyers may argue the case
  4. determining which justices will review a particular case
/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2008_112_gov30.xml

Correct Answer:
B

Brief Constructed Response (BCR) Item - Released in 2008

Study the political cartoon below and use it to answer the BRIEF CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE that follows.

Question Image

  • What are some of the disadvantages to states under a federal system of government?
  • Do the advantages of federalism outweigh the disadvantages? Explain why or why not.
  • Include details and examples to support your answers.

Write your answer on the lines in your Answer Book.

/share/clg/xml/public_release/government/2008_112_gov37.xml

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